CAUSES OF HALAGU KHAN’S INVISION BAGHDAD:

An important turning event in Middle Eastern history was Halagu Khan’s attack on Baghdad in 1258. The Abbasid Caliphate fell as a result of this disastrous event, which was caused by several important circumstances. The primary reasons behind Halagu Khan’s attack on Baghdad are listed below.

DISSENT OF THE MUSLIMS

Internal dissension across the Muslim world had a significant impact on Halagu Khan’s attack on Baghdad in 1258, which significantly undermined the Abbasid Caliphate’s defenses. Political and sectarian differences led to a disjointed Muslim reaction, which made it easier for the Mongol armies to proceed with little opposition.

The long-standing animosity between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims was one important contributing factor. Shi’a groups in nearby areas, such as Persia, were hesitant to back Baghdad against the Mongols because the Abbasid Caliphate was a Sunni state. The creation of a cohesive defense was impeded by this sectarian split, which also reduced the amount of military and strategic assistance Baghdad might have gathered from nearby areas.

Furthermore, Muslim kingdoms such as the Ayyubids and Seljuks frequently had competing interests and viewed the Abbasids as political adversaries. Since many regional leaders put their personal interests ahead of Baghdad’s safety, this internal rivalry eroded allegiance to the Caliphate. Some even saw the Mongol invasion as a way to bolster their regional dominance and erode Abbasid authority.

Baghdad was exposed by sectarian strife, disloyalty, and political conflicts among Muslim groups, which finally led to its surrender at the hands of Hulagu Khan’s army.

ECONOMIC CRISIS

Baghdad had been the seat of the banu abbas caliphs for centuries and was apparently a very  prosperous city . Economic crisis , but the luxury of the abbasid caliphs and nobles and the tax collecting machinery , found the government time .

Taking advantage of this economic crisis ibn a-qami dismissed army . In a week economic situation , it was difficult to face an external attack and this was also felt by the enemies.

ABUNDANCE OF WEALTH  AND MORAL DEPRAVITY

The city of baghdad was the home of civilization and the nobility had become accustomed to the high standard of living and the abundance of wealth and moral degradation .

In this class on the one hand , in his atmosphere of wealth made these people luxuries and on the other hand, in this atmosphere of worldlines , both the enthusiasm for jihad and the military capability were rusted . No one was ready for reform .

IBN  AL-QAMI’STREACHERY

Ibn  AL-QAMI’S   gave proof of nation treachery when he could get abu bakr some punishment from the caliph , he decided to end the abbasid caliphate and establish the alawi caliphate and invited halagu khan’s to attack baghdad .

Although the abbasid caliphate was extremely weak , it was still the center of the islamic world and the muslims were spiritually devoted to it ,  So halagu khan hestitated to halahu khan attack baghdad in order to provoke the opposition of the islamic world and the wrath of god .

Don‘t be halagu khan‘s minister was the famous philosopher naseer-ud-din tusi ( a nasrid moral writer ) who was himself a staunch ismaili .

Ibn  al- qami requested to attack baghdad through him , so nasir-ud-din tusi encourage halagu khan by saying that if the world remained as it was after the solution of hazrat yahya and imam hussain and no wrath was revealed to the oppressors . If not , the death of mustasim and the caliphate  which  doomsday will arise with the end of banu abbas .

REDUCTION IN THE ABBASID ARMY

During his reign , mustansar had prepared a great army to meet the tatar attack , reducing the abbasid army .Ibn al-qami told caliph mustasim that the expenses of the great army cannot  be covered by the country ‘s  income . Therefore , instead of giving them to this useless army , they should be dismissed .

The khalifa accepted this opinion without hesitation . Most of the baghdadi army was disbanded and those survived were allowed to collect their salaries from the citizens instead of paying them in cash , and this method was intended to create hatred between the citizens and the army . So that in the event of an external attack , the army would be deprived of  public support .

DISSENT OF THE MUSLIMS

Internal dissension across the Muslim world had a significant impact on Hulagu Khan’s attack on Baghdad in 1258, which significantly undermined the Abbasid Caliphate’s defenses. Political and sectarian differences led to a disjointed Muslim reaction, which made it easier for the Mongol armies to proceed with little opposition.

The long-standing animosity between Sunni and Shi’a Muslims was one important contributing factor. Shi’a groups in nearby areas, such as Persia, were hesitant to back Baghdad against the Mongols because the Abbasid Caliphate was a Sunni state. The creation of a cohesive defense was impeded by this sectarian split, which also reduced the amount of military and strategic assistance Baghdad might have gathered from nearby areas.

Furthermore, Muslim kingdoms such as the Ayyubids and Seljuks frequently had competing interests and viewed the Abbasids as political adversaries. Since many regional leaders put their personal interests ahead of Baghdad’s safety, this internal rivalry eroded allegiance to the Caliphate. Some even saw the Mongol invasion as a way to bolster their regional dominance and erode Abbasid authority.

Baghdad was exposed by sectarian strife, disloyalty, and political conflicts among Muslim groups, which finally led to its surrender at the hands of Hulagu Khan’s army.

ECONOMIC CRISIS

Baghdad had been the seat of the banu abbas caliphs for centuries and was apparently a very  prosperous city . Economic crisis , but the luxury of the abbasid caliphs and nobles and the tax collecting machinery , found the government time .

Taking advantage of this economic crisis ibn a-qami dismissed army . In a week economic situation , it was difficult to face an external attack and this was also felt by the enemies.

ABUNDANCE OF WEALTH  AND MORAL DEPRAVITY

The city of baghdad was the home of civilization and the nobility had become accustomed to the high standard of living and the abundance of wealth and moral degradation .

In this class on the one hand , in his atmosphere of wealth made these people luxuries and on the other hand, in this atmosphere of worldlines , both the enthusiasm for jihad and the military capability were rusted . No one was ready for reform .

IBN  AL-QAMI’STREACHERY

Ibn  AL-QAMI’S   gave proof of nation treachery when he could get abu bakr some punishment from the caliph , he decided to end the abbasid caliphate and establish the alawi caliphate and invited halagu khan’s to attack baghdad .

Although the abbasid caliphate was extremely weak , it was still the center of the islamic world and the muslims were spiritually devoted to it ,  So halagu khan hestitated to halahu khan attack baghdad in order to provoke the opposition of the islamic world and the wrath of god .

Don‘t be halagu khan‘s minister was the famous philosopher naseer-ud-din tusi ( a nasrid moral writer ) who was himself a staunch ismaili .

Ibn  al- qami requested to attack baghdad through him , so nasir-ud-din tusi encourage halagu khan by saying that if the world remained as it was after the solution of hazrat yahya and imam hussain and no wrath was revealed to the oppressors . If not , the death of mustasim and the caliphate  which  doomsday will arise with the end of banu abbas .

REDUCTION IN THE ABBASID ARMY

During his reign , mustansar had prepared a great army to meet the tatar attack , reducing the abbasid army . Ibn al-qami told caliph mustasim that the expenses of the great army cannot  be covered by the country ‘s  income . Therefore , instead of giving them to this useless army , they should be dismissed .

The khalifa accepted this opinion without hesitation . Most of the baghdadi army was disbanded and those survived were allowed to collect their salaries from the citizens instead of paying them in cash , and this method was intended to create hatred between the citizens and the army . So that in the event of an external attack , the army would be deprived of  public support .